La Obtención de la Prueba Ilícita y la Vulneración de los Derechos Fundamentales en el Derecho Penal Peruano
Fecha
2025
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Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga
Resumen
En el sistema jurídico penal peruano, la obtención de la prueba ilícita y la vulneración de los
derechos fundamentales representan una preocupación constante en la búsqueda del equilibrio
entre la eficacia del proceso y el respecto de sus preceptos. La prueba ilícita se refiere a aquella
obtenida mediante actos contrarios a la ley y que contraviene preceptos fundamentales.
En el Perú, su admisión está prohibida por el principio de legalidad y el derecho a un debido
proceso. La jurisprudencia y la doctrina nacional han establecido criterios claros para determinar
la ilicitud de la prueba, tales como su obtención mediante tortura, coacción, violación de la
intimidad o vulneración de la inviolabilidad del domicilio.
Contravenir con los derechos fundamentales puede estar conectado con la obtención de estas
pruebas por cuanto dentro de las normas penales nacionales prima la presunta inocencia, la
defensa del imputado, la intimidad, inviolabilidad y otros preceptos cuando se integre estas
pruebas viciadas. Entonces la transgresión de los mismos puede conllevar a la anulación de dichas
pruebas, hecho que garantiza un proceso penal justo y equitativo.
El control de la prueba ilícita no solo es responsabilidad de los tribunales, sino también del
Ministerio Publico y las fuerzas del orden. Es imperativo que todos los actores del sistema penal
actúen bajo los parámetros normativos y la observancia de los derechos para garantizar la
efectividad de la justicia y fortalecer el Estado de Derecho nacional. En resumen, este fenómeno
representa un desafío constante que requieran una aplicación rigurosa de la ley, el respeto a los
principios constitucionales y el fortalecimiento de las garantías procesales para asegurar la
protección de los derechos humanos en el ámbito penal.
In the Peruvian criminal legal system, obtaining illegal evidence and violating fundamental rights are a constant concern in the search for balance between the effectiveness of the process and respect for its precepts. Illegal evidence refers to evidence obtained through acts contrary to the law and which contravenes fundamental precepts. In Peru, its admission is prohibited by the principle of legality and the right to due process. National jurisprudence and doctrine have established clear criteria to determine the illegality of evidence, such as its obtaining through torture, coercion, violation of privacy or violation of the inviolability of the home. Violating fundamental rights may be connected with obtaining this evidence because within national criminal norms the presumed innocence, the defense of the accused, privacy, inviolability and other precepts prevail when this flawed evidence is integrated. Therefore, the violation of these rights may lead to the annulment of such evidence, a fact that guarantees a fair and equitable criminal process. The control of illegal evidence is not only the responsibility of the courts, but also of the Public Prosecutor's Office and law enforcement. It is imperative that all actors in the criminal system act within the normative parameters and the observance of rights to guarantee the effectiveness of justice and strengthen the national rule of law. In short, this phenomenon represents a constant challenge that requires rigorous application of the law, respect for constitutional principles and the strengthening of procedural guarantees to ensure the protection of human rights in the criminal sphere.
In the Peruvian criminal legal system, obtaining illegal evidence and violating fundamental rights are a constant concern in the search for balance between the effectiveness of the process and respect for its precepts. Illegal evidence refers to evidence obtained through acts contrary to the law and which contravenes fundamental precepts. In Peru, its admission is prohibited by the principle of legality and the right to due process. National jurisprudence and doctrine have established clear criteria to determine the illegality of evidence, such as its obtaining through torture, coercion, violation of privacy or violation of the inviolability of the home. Violating fundamental rights may be connected with obtaining this evidence because within national criminal norms the presumed innocence, the defense of the accused, privacy, inviolability and other precepts prevail when this flawed evidence is integrated. Therefore, the violation of these rights may lead to the annulment of such evidence, a fact that guarantees a fair and equitable criminal process. The control of illegal evidence is not only the responsibility of the courts, but also of the Public Prosecutor's Office and law enforcement. It is imperative that all actors in the criminal system act within the normative parameters and the observance of rights to guarantee the effectiveness of justice and strengthen the national rule of law. In short, this phenomenon represents a constant challenge that requires rigorous application of the law, respect for constitutional principles and the strengthening of procedural guarantees to ensure the protection of human rights in the criminal sphere.
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Sistema jurídico penal peruano, Prueba ilícita, Vulneración, Derechos fundamentales, Derechos humanos, Peruvian criminal legal system